{"id":309,"date":"2023-01-08T11:22:09","date_gmt":"2023-01-08T11:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/495.jcdelama.info\/?page_id=309"},"modified":"2024-01-01T18:05:55","modified_gmt":"2024-01-01T18:05:55","slug":"elisabeth-noelle-neumann","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/495.jcdelama.info\/?page_id=309","title":{"rendered":"Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-genesis-blocks-gb-columns gb-slate-section-hero-title gpb-slate-section-hero-title gb-layout-columns-1 one-column gb-has-background-dim gb-has-background-dim-20 gb-background-cover gb-background-no-repeat gb-has-custom-background-color gb-has-custom-text-color gb-columns-center alignfull\" style=\"margin-bottom:50px;padding-top:5em;padding-right:1em;padding-bottom:5em;padding-left:1em;background-color:#1f1f1f;color:#f5f5f5;background-image:url(https:\/\/495.jcdelama.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Taboo2_BW.jpg);background-position:38% 53%\"><div class=\"gb-layout-column-wrap gb-block-layout-column-gap-1 gb-is-responsive-column\" style=\"max-width:1200px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-genesis-blocks-gb-column gb-block-layout-column\"><div class=\"gb-block-layout-column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-genesis-blocks-gb-columns gb-layout-columns-1 gb-1-col-equal gb-columns-center alignfull\"><div class=\"gb-layout-column-wrap gb-block-layout-column-gap-8 gb-is-responsive-column\" style=\"max-width:1200px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-genesis-blocks-gb-column gb-block-layout-column gb-is-vertically-aligned-top\"><div class=\"gb-block-layout-column-inner\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#f5f5f5;font-size:60px\">Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann\u00a0(1919-2010)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>(reading:\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/410.jcdelama.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/NoelleNeumann.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">The Spiral of Silence<\/a>, selected chapters)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_44060\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yCR93MJ2a0M?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"spiral\">Spiral of Silence<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_37389\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6jSdzM-xcCw?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Opinions that are not expressed tend to fade away, and finally to disappear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ideas that are un-expressed, become un-thought, and finally, un-thinkable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Hypothesis of the Spiral of Silence is based on three assumptions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1 \u2013 Human Social Nature (Social Skin)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fear of Isolation \u2013 Band-Wagon Effect<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2 \u2013 Human Capability of Perceiving the climate of Opinion \u2013 Quasi Statistical Sense<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3 \u2013 The role of silence in Public Opinion Dynamics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conformity<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_42805\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3IJCq9q5QDg?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Public Opinion Defined<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_73837\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DIVMEiBxpIk?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Childs, Harwood L.:&nbsp;\u201cPublic Opinion: Nature, Formation, and Role\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;There exists at any given time a body of beliefs, convictions, sentiments, accepted principles, or firmly rooted prejudices, which taken together, make up the public opinion of a particular era, or what we may call the reigning or predominant current of opinion.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Perhaps it sounds a bit harsh, but it requires only a moderate understanding of human nature to show that such a thing as an intelligent public opinion is not possible.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Public Opinion is the social judgment reached upon a question of general civic import after conscious, rational, public discussion.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann\u2019s &nbsp;Definition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;Opinion on controversial issues that one&nbsp;<strong>can<\/strong>&nbsp;express in public without isolating oneself.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;In the field of consolidated traditions, morals, and above all, norms, the opinions and behaviors of public opinion are opinions and behaviors that one&nbsp;<strong>must<\/strong>&nbsp;express or adopt if one is not going to isolate oneself.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pancultural Phenomenon<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_58984\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QXFCCMj5ZPs?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Public opinion appears at any time and in any place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Colin M. Turnbull\u2019 \u201cThe Forest People\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(customs of the Pygmies in the Congo Forrest)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Margaret Mead\u2019s \u201cPublic Opinion Mechanisms among Primitive People\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Pacific islands natives)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Pillory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Honor penalties: aimed at destroying the individual\u2019s self-esteem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That these penalties have existed at all times and in all cultures testifies to a constant in human nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Honor penalties take advantage of the human being\u2019s delicate \u201csocial nature\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The pillory was ingenuously&nbsp; designed to attract the greatest possible public notice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It was erected in the marketplace or at a busy crossroads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Commonly it took place Sundays or during special holidays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The delinquent\u2019s name and offense was written on a slate , which he had to wear around his neck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Passing crowd, protected by anonymity, insulted him\/her, or threw filth.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/410.jcdelama.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Screen-Shot-2018-09-01-at-1.43.24-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-356\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/410.jcdelama.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Screen-Shot-2018-09-01-at-1.43.38-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-357\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/410.jcdelama.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/Screen-Shot-2018-09-01-at-1.43.54-PM.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-358\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Challengers of Public Opinion<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_88407\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8y3YuQxA1yM?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant-garde \/ hard core<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Heretics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Outsiders<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe concept of the Spiral of Silence reserves the possibility of changing society to those who either know no fear of isolation or have overcome it\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rousseau: \u201cI must learn to bear ridicule and blame\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dual\">Mass Media and Public Opinion<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\"  id=\"_ytid_34197\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HD6C77X7o34?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&rel=1&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=red&controls=1&disablekb=0&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__  no-lazyload\" title=\"YouTube player\"  allow=\"fullscreen; accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen data-no-lazy=\"1\" data-skipgform_ajax_framebjll=\"\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dual Climate of Opinion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt only happens when the climate of opinion among the people and the dominant among media journalists diverge\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPluralistic Ignorance\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The people misjudge the people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Spiral of Silence has the effect of a self-fulfilling prophecy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"articulation\">Articulation Function of Mass Media<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Those whose point of view is not represented by the media are effectively mute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe media provide people with the words and phrases they can use to defend a point of view\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If people find no current, frequently repeated expressions for their point of view, they lapse into silence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann\u00a0(1919-2010) (reading:\u00a0The Spiral of Silence, selected chapters) Spiral of Silence Opinions that are not expressed tend to fade away, and finally to disappear. Ideas that are un-expressed, become un-thought, and finally, un-thinkable. The Hypothesis of the Spiral of Silence is based on three assumptions: 1 \u2013 Human Social Nature (Social Skin) Fear of Isolation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":true,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-309","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"entry","6":"has-post-thumbnail"},"featured_image_src":null,"featured_image_src_square":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/495.jcdelama.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/495.jcdelama.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/495.jcdelama.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/495.jcdelama.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/495.jcdelama.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=309"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/495.jcdelama.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":443,"href":"https:\/\/495.jcdelama.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/309\/revisions\/443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/495.jcdelama.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}